Study of the flood control scheduling scheme for the Three Gorges Reservoir in a catastrophic flood          下载免费PDF全文

Shanghong Zhang  Zhu Jing  Wenda Li  Yujun Yi  Yong Zhao 《水文研究》2018,32(11):1625-1634

The Three Gorges Project is the world's largest water conservancy project. According to the design standards for the 1,000‐year flood, flood diversion areas in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River must be utilized to ensure the safety of the Jingjiang area and the city of Wuhan. However, once these areas are used, the economic and life loss in these areas may be very great. Therefore, it is vital to reduce this loss by developing a scheme that reduces the use of the flood diversion areas through flood regulation by the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), under the premise of ensuring the safety of the Three Gorges Dam. For a 1,000‐year flood on the basis of a highly destructive flood in 1954, this paper evaluates scheduling schemes in which flood diversion areas are or are not used. The schemes are simulated based on 2.5‐m resolution reservoir topography and an optimized model of dynamic capacity flood regulation. The simulation results show the following. (a) In accord with the normal flood‐control regulation discharge, the maximum water level above the dam should be not more than 175 m, which ensures the safety of the dam and reservoir area. However, it is necessary to utilize the flood diversion areas within the Jingjiang area, and flood discharge can reach 2.81 billion m³. (b) In the case of relying on the TGR to impound floodwaters independently rather than using the flood diversion areas, the maximum water level above the dam reaches 177.35 m, which is less than the flood check level of 180.4 m to ensure the safety of the Three Gorges Dam. The average increase of the TGR water level in the Chongqing area is not more than 0.11 m, which indicates no significant effect on the upstream reservoir area. Comparing the various scheduling schemes, when the flood diversion areas are not used, it is believed that the TGR can execute safe flood control for a 1,000‐year flood, thereby greatly reducing flood damage.  相似文献   

贵州夜郎湖表层水体地球化学昼夜变化及其影响因素     

王家录  任娟  王勇  李维杰  娄昭  陈佳 《热带地理》2020,40(2):335-345

为探究岩溶水库水文地球化学行为过程,对贵州普定夜郎湖表层水体进行了为期3 d的高分辨率昼夜监测。结果表明：1）多变的天气和水文条件叠加导致水体离子指标昼夜变化不显著,规律性较差。而水温、DO、pH值、SpC、SIc、pCO₂等常规理化指标受水温变化和生物作用表现出明显的昼夜波动。2）利用亨利常数和主成分分析,得到温度变化、生物作用、人类活动、水库的蓄水与放水对夜郎湖水库水文地球化学特征变化的贡献率分别为21.66%、17.28%、14.08%和10.22%,说明作用于水库水文地球化学行为的因子具有多元性。3）δ ¹⁸O表现出与DO一致的波动趋势,即白天上升,晚上下降,反映在短时间尺度上,氢氧稳定同位素变化受控于生物过程（主要是呼吸作用过程）;而对比水库水体和大气降水的d-excess（d值）发现,水库水体的d值（8.21‰）显著偏低于当地大气降水的d值（9.64‰）,说明在长时间尺度上,主要受蒸发效应引起的不平衡分馏影响。  相似文献   

Coupling relationship between reservoir diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation in Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation of Dongling,Changling fault depression,Songliao Basin,Northeast China     

《China Geology》2020,3(2):247-261

The Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation in the southern Songliao Basin is the typical tight oil sandstone in China. In order to better predict the petrophysical properties of the tight sandstone reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation, Songliao Basin, Northeast China, the diagenesis and porosity evolution was investigated using a suite of petrographic and geochemical techniques including thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion and fluid inclusion analysis, on a set of selected tight sandstone samples. Combined with the histories of burial evolution, organic matter thermal evolution and hydrocarbon charge, the matching relationship between reservoir porosity evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation history is analyzed. The result showed that the tight sandstone reservoirs characterized of being controlled by deposition, predominated by compaction, improved by dissolution and enhanced by cementation. The hydrocarbon accumulation period was investigated using a suite of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history, microfluorescence determination and temperature measurement technology. According to the homogenization temperature of the inclusions and the history of burial evolution, Yingcheng Formation has mainly two phases hydrocarbon accumulation. The first phase of oil and gas is charged before the reservoir is tightened, the oil and gas generated by Shahezi source rocks enter the sand body of Yingcheng Formation, influenced by the carrying capability of sand conducting layer, oil and gas is mainly conducted by the better properties and higher connectivity sand body and enriched in the east, which belongs to the type of densification after hydrocarbon accumulation. The second phase of oil and gas charge after densification, which belongs to the type of densification before the hydrocarbon accumulation.  相似文献   

Evaluation of clayed silt properties on the behavior of hydrate production in South China Sea     

《China Geology》2020,3(3):362-368

Gas hydrate is one kind of potential energy resources that is buried under deep seafloor or frozen areas. The first trial offshore production from the silty reservoir was conducted in the South China Sea by the China Geological Survey (CGS). During this test, there were many unique characteristics different from the sand reservoir, which was believed to be related to the clayed silt physical properties. In this paper, simulation experiments, facilities analysis, and theoretical calculation were used to confirm the hydrate structure, reservoir thermo-physical property, and bond water movement rule. And the behavior of how they affected production efficiency was analyzed. The results showed that: It was reasonable to use the structure I rather than structure II methane hydrate phase equilibrium data to make the production plan; the dissociation heat absorbed by hydrate was large enough to cause hydrate self-protection or reformation depend on the reservoir thermal transfer and gas supply; clayed silt got better thermal conductivity compared to coarse grain, but poor thermal convection especially with hydrate; clayed silt sediment was easy to bond water, but the irreducible water can be exchanged to free water under high production pressure, and the most obvious pressure range of water increment was 1.9–4.9 MPa.  相似文献   

刘家峡水库西南部水域表层沉积物重金属污染评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘翔  郭建明  樊海龙  张生银  张顺存  雷天柱  王建丰 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(4):1-10

为了研究刘家峡水库西南部水域表层沉积物中重金属的污染状况，对采集的55个表层沉积物样品中的6种重金属元素Cr、Cd、Ni、Cu、Zn和Pb的含量进行测试，其平均含量分别为77.03μg/g、0.16μg/g、33.53μg/g、32.09μg/g、291.77μg/g、22.44μg/g。在研究表层沉积物重金属含量空间分布的基础上，运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法，综合判断水库的受污染程度并对其潜在生态风险进行评估。6种元素的地累积指数排序依次为：Zn > Cu > Cd > Ni > Pb > Cr；潜在生态风险系数排序依次为：Cd > Cu > Pb > Zn > Ni > Cr；各区域重金属污染程度或潜在生态风险水平依次为黄河主河道 > 大夏河河口 > 黄河横剖面。综合4种方法的评价结果，认为对刘家峡水库西南部表层沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价贡献率较高的重金属污染因子是Zn、Cu和Cd；综合相关性分析与主成分分析，认为研究区沉积物重金属污染主要来源于两个方面：（1） Zn、Cu主要来源于生活污染或工业污染；（2） Cd主要来源于工农业活动产生的污染。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地子洲气田上古生界山西组、下石盒子组储集层特征对比研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王若谷  李文厚  廖友运  冯永玖  郭艳琴  马瑶  许星 《地质科学》2015,50(1):249-261

鄂尔多斯盆地子洲气田山西组山2~3段和下石盒子组盒8段是该区天然气的主力储集层,但其产能却存在很大差异。应用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、高压压汞、恒速压汞及岩心分析资料,分别对该地区上古生界山西组山2~3段和下石盒子组盒8段储集层进行了研究。子洲气田山2~3储层以石英砂岩为主,孔隙类型多样,粒间孔、溶孔、晶间孔发育,喉道类别以微—细喉为主,属相对低孔高渗型储层;盒8储层则以岩屑砂岩为主,孔隙类型主要为岩屑溶孔和晶间孔,喉道类别以细—微喉为主,属于相对低孔低渗型储层。山2~3段和盒8段储集层岩石类型、孔隙结构差别巨大,造成了其储集性能的差异性。不同的沉积环境和成岩作用是造成其差异性的主要原因。  相似文献   

塔河油田上奥陶统良里塔格组储层特征及控制因素     

卢宇峰  刘存革  杜春晖  姜昊罡  梁锋 《新疆地质》2011,29(2):198-202

塔河油田勘探表明,上奥陶统良里塔格组是潜在勘探层位.通过岩心、测井、薄片、物性、钻井和生产测试等资料综合分析,认为良里塔格组具两套岩性组合,顶部和底部为浅水高能沉积,中间为深水低能沉积,物性比中下奥陶统差,渗透率非均质性较强,主要受泥质条带和裂缝影响.储集空间主要包括溶蚀孔隙、溶蚀孔洞和裂缝3类.储层类型有孔隙-裂缝型和孔洞-裂缝型两类,后者是主要储层类型.储集空间形成主要受同生期和表生期岩溶作用、埋藏溶蚀作用和断裂作用4个因素控制,其中断裂作用是良里塔格组储层形成和分布的主控因素.  相似文献   

欠平衡钻井随钻储层评价技术方法与应用     

唐思洪  孟英峰  李皋  李永杰  魏纳  尹强  蔡道钢 《新疆地质》2011,29(1):103-105

欠平衡钻井随钻储层评价技术是在欠平衡条件下采用地面监测设备,根据地层渗流及井筒多相流耦合模型分析来获取储层参数的一项新技术.分析了随钻过程储层渗流边界特点,建立和求解该技术的渗流数学模型.通过现场实例数据分析表明,理论评价结果与实测结果一致,验证了该技术的正确性与可行性.  相似文献   

宜川-旬邑地区长8油层组储层特征与控制因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田亚铭  施泽进  吴晓明  宋江海  齐亚林  高翔  洪成云 《新疆地质》2011,29(3):314-318

宜川-旬邑地区上三叠统延长组长8油层组主要为三角洲前缘沉积环境,局部发育湖底滑塌扇体.岩心观察、薄片分析、扫描电镜及压汞测试表明,长8油层组主要为长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,孔隙类型以残余原生粒间孔为主,次为长石溶孔,多为片状喉道和弯片状喉道,孔隙结构以小孔隙-微喉-细喉型与细孔隙-微喉-细喉型为主,储层非均质性强,水下分流河道、河口坝储层物性最好,分支水道最差,绿泥石环边胶结成岩相及石英次生加大胶结成岩相为有利成岩相,压实和胶结作用分别损失的孔隙度为25.65%和3.31%,溶蚀作用整体新增0.83%孔隙度,形成长8油层组目前低孔-超低孔致密砂岩储层.  相似文献   

三峡库区消落区表层沉积物磷吸附特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

曹琳  吉芳英  林茂  黎司  王图锦 《水科学进展》2011,22(1):89-96

以三峡库区消落区表层沉积物为研究对象,通过对干湿交替沉积物中磷的赋存形式、吸附等温曲线的分析,揭示了干湿交替过程中沉积物磷的分布规律、吸附特征以及磷的源汇变化。结果表明:上覆水总磷变化呈现11月总磷<5月总磷<8月总磷。消落区覆水到出露沉积物最大磷吸附量、土壤最大缓冲能力在增加,磷零吸持平衡浓度、易解吸磷在降低,表明沉积物在夏季出露落干的过程中,固磷能力增强,释磷能力减弱;消落区土壤首次覆水过程中土壤磷呈现出由源到汇的转变。成库初期,覆水时沉积物主要表现为磷的积累,次年水库开闸放水排沙时,消落区表层富磷沉积物被冲刷排出。  相似文献